In many ways, addressing climate risks, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks more broadly, has become a mainstream concern for investors. ESG investment is accelerating, pushing investor demand for enhanced ESG-related disclosure and data. In particular, limitations posed by a lack of common definitions, measurements, standards and data have led to a spate of regulations.

Pressure from investors — not to mention employees, other stakeholders and the general public — has driven companies to commit to and act upon an ESG strategy, focusing primarily on environmental factors such as fossil fuels and climate change. With the advent of COVID-19, stakeholders are turning attention to “S” factors — including workplace safety; employee health and well-being; job security; data privacy; customer engagement; supply-chain management; community investment; corporate leadership; innovation; socioeconomic dynamics; and diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI). The br